Jižní Amerika
Amerika
- Rozloha 42 549 000 km²
- Počet obyvatel 910 720 588 (odhad, 2008)
- Počet států 42
- Amerika se skládá ze tří patrných částí - Severní Ameriky, Střední Ameriky a Jižní Ameriky.
- Západní pobřeží Ameriky omývá Tichý oceán, východní Atlantický oceán, na severu světadíl zasahuje též do Severního ledového oceánu.
- Amerika pokrývá 8,3 % povrchu Země (28,4 % pevniny) a žije v ní okolo 14 % lidské populace ( přes 900 milionů).
- Na severu je Amerika obklopena Severním ledovým oceánem, na východě Atlanským oceánem a na západě Tichým oceánem.
- Její maximální délka činí 14 500 km, šířka 5 950 km
Jižní Amerika
- Rozloha 17 850 000 km2
- Počet obyvatel 357 000 000 (2002)
- Počet států 12
- Dvěma hlavními jazyky Jižní Ameriky jsou španělština a portugalština,
- Po celé délce západního pobřeží Jižní Ameriky se vypíná pohoří And
- Největší nížinou je Amazonská nížina, rovníková tropická nížina, která je odvodňována Amazonkou spolu s jejími 10 tisíci přítoky.
- V Jižní Americe se nachází celosvětově důležité zásoby surovin a minerálů. Těží se zde železná ruda, ledek, ropa, uhlí, zlato a měď.
- Roku 2013 byl Argentinec Jorge Mario Bergoglio zvolen papežem a přijal jméno František; stal se prvním Jihoameričanem, který dosáhl tohoto úřadu.
Nej.Jižní Amerika
- Nejvyšší hora: Aconcagua – 6959 m (Argentina)
- Nejvyšší činná sopka: Ojos del Salado – 6893 m (Argentina, Chile)
- Nejdelší řeka: Amazonka (zdrojnice – Ucayali, Marañón) – 7 062 km (Brazílie, Kolumbie, Peru)
- Největší jezero: Titicaca – 8 288 km² (Bolívie, Peru)
- Největší ostrov: Ohňová země – 48 000 km² (Argentina, Chile)
- Nejlidnatější stát: Brazílie – 203 429 773 obyvatel (5. místo na světě)
- Největší stát: Brazílie – 8 514 877 km² (5. místo na světě)
- Nejvyšší průměrná roční teplota 27,8 stupňů je v Maracaibu ve Venezuele
- Nejnižší průměrná roční teplota v Argentině v Cristo Redentor, kde je průměrně – 1,8 stupňů.
Státy podle počtu Obyvatel ( Hl.město)
- 1.- 203 429 773 Brazilíe ( Brasília) - 2 570 160 obyvatel (2010)
- 2.- 44 725 543 Kolumbie ( Bogotá) - 7 878 783 obyvatel (2015)
- 3.- 41 769 726 Argentina (Buenos Aires) - 2.891.082 obyvatel (2010)
- 4.- 29 248 943 Peru (Lima) - 7 605 742 obyvatel (2007)
- 5.- 27 635 743 Venezuela (Caracas) - 5 174 034 (2007)
- 6.- 16 888 760 Chile ( Santiago de Chile) - 5 428 590 obyvatel (2012)
- 7.- 15 007 343 Ekvádor (Quito) - 1 919 432 obyvatel (2013)
- 8,. 10 118 683 Bolívie (Sucre) - 226 668 obyvatel (2005)
- 9.- 6 459 058 Paraguay (Asunción) - 542 023 obyvatel (2009)
- 10.- 3 308 535 Uruguay ( Montevideo) - 1 429 566 obyvatel (2010)
- 11.- 744 768 Guyana (Georgetown) - 355 000 obyvatel (2009)
- 12.- 491 989 Surinam (Paramaribo) - 250 000 obyvatel (2007)
Státy podle rozlohy
- 1.- 8 514 877 km² Brazilíe
- 2.- 2 780 400 km² Argentina
- 3.- 1 285 216 km² Peru
- 4.- 1 138 910 km² Kolumbie
- 5.- 1 098 581 km² Bolívie
- 6.- 912 050 km² Venezuela
- 7.- 756 102 km² Chile
- 8.- 406 752 km² Paraguay
- 9.- 283 561 km² Ekvádor
- 10.- 214 969 km² Guyana
- 11.- 176 215 km² Uruguay
- 12.- 163 820 km² Surinam
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Breeches - special horse riding outfits
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Similar to every discipline of sport, horseback riding also needs special clothing. It would not mean that without proper gear of the rider, the horse will not canter, however the norm, coziness, looks carry out an important role in all of disciplines. Especially horse riding, namely a discipline from distant past, has generated certain characteristics over the years. Breeches are definitely among them.
Equestrian breeches, level of comfort, and custom
Equestrian breeches are special horseback riding gear. Because they do not include seams on the inner part of the leg, namely in the spot in which the rider’s leg meets the saddle, they give comfort and versatility of actions. This kind of method of stitching safeguards your sensitive skin from chafing, allows the rider to correctly seat the horse and ride for long periods with out unfavorable outcomes. Breeches might be tight or puffed throughout the thighs, like cavalry breeches.
Right now, the most used are tight models of breeches, even so, there is still a large group of men and women preferring the cavalry style, for example saloons or jodhpurs, having straight or slightly extending legs. The last version became common in the Nineteenth century Great Britain owing to Jodhpur maharajah taking part in polo in such clothing.
But what makes breeches distinctive?
Breeches are seen as high waist and grip - short or long. A grip is an extra support with a level of suede, leather or silicone that goes far towards the knees or along the whole leg. It warranties considerably better adhesiveness in the saddle, having said that, the model of the breeches will depend on the rider’s preferences.
Full grip breeches have got this added strengthening on the inner side of the pants on the entire length of the place that the rider’s body meets the seat - on the buttocks to lower legs. This specific version is particularly preferred among dressage riders, who choose to ride at a trot or canter. Due to reduced slippage and fantastic tackiness, gluiness, gumminess, they make it much easier to remain in the saddle.
Knee grip breeches possess the strengthening on the inner part of the knees. This specific design is especially loved by jumping riders since it ensures convenience of movements even at the cost of a minimal grip. It works at a trot and canter in half-seat.
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